However, a lack of understanding about systematic reviews and meta-analyses can lead to incorrect outcomes being derived from the review and analysis processes. Thus, literature reviews and meta-analyses are being conducted in diverse medical fields, and the aim of highlighting their importance is to help better extract accurate, good quality data from the flood of data being produced. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses include various topics, such as comparing various treatments of postoperative nausea and vomiting, comparing general anesthesia and regional anesthesia, comparing airway maintenance devices, comparing various methods of postoperative pain control (e.g., patient-controlled analgesia pumps, nerve block, or analgesics), comparing the precision of various monitoring instruments, and meta-analysis of dose-response in various drugs. In anesthesiology, the importance of systematic reviews and meta-analyses has been highlighted, and they provide diagnostic and therapeutic value to various areas, including not only perioperative management but also intensive care and outpatient anesthesia. In 2009, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was published, and it greatly helped standardize and improve the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Following the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUORUM) statement, and the appearance of registers such as Cochrane Library’s Methodology Register, a large number of systematic literature reviews have been registered. Since 1999, various papers have presented guidelines for reporting meta-analyses of RCTs. Usually, in order to obtain more reliable results, a meta-analysis is mainly conducted on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which have a high level of evidence ( Fig. A meta-analysis is a valid, objective, and scientific method of analyzing and combining different results.
During the systematic review process, the quality of studies is evaluated, and a statistical meta-analysis of the study results is conducted on the basis of their quality. A systematic review collects all possible studies related to a given topic and design, and reviews and analyzes their results.
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